Treaty with the Creeks and Seminoles, 1845
Jan. 4, 1845. | 9 Stat., 821. | Proclamation, July 18, 1845.
Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties)
Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler
Washington : Government Printing Office, 1904
[Pages 550-552]
Margin Notes:
Links to Paragraphs
Preamble.
The Seminoles to settle in any part of the Creek country. To be subject generally to the Creek council.
No distinction between them except in pecuniary affairs.
Seminoles who have not removed to Creek country to do so immediately.
Certain contested cases concerning the right of property to be subject to the decision of the
President.
Additional annuity of $3,000 for education allowed the Creeks for twenty years.
Education fund, annuities, etc., of the Creeks to be expended in their own country in support
of certain schools.
Rations to be issued to such Seminoles as remove during removal, and the whole tribe to be
subsisted for six months after emigration.
Those refusing to remove in six months after ratification of this treaty not to participate in
its benefits.
The sum of $15,400 provided for in the treaty of Payne's Landing, and the $3,000 provided
for in said treaty, when to be paid.
$1,000 per annum for five years to be furnished in agricultural implements.
The northern and western boundary line of the Creeks to be marked.
Articles of a treaty made by William Armstrong, P. M. Butler, James Logan, and Thomas L.
Judge, commissioners in behalf of the United States, of the first part; the Creek tribe of Indians,
of the second; and the Seminole tribe of Indians, of the third part.
WHEREAS it was stipulated, in the fourth article of the Creek
treaty of 1833, that the Seminoles should thenceforward be considered a
constituent part of the Creek nation, and that a permanent and
comfortable home should be secured for them on the lands set
apart in said treaty as the country of the Creeks; and whereas many of the
Seminoles have settled and are now living in the Creek country,
while others, constituting a large portion of the tribe, have refused
to make their homes in any part thereof, assigning as a reason that
they are unwilling to submit to Creek laws and government, and that they are
apprehensive of being deprived, by the Creek authorities, of their property; and
whereas repeated complaints have been made to the United States government,
that those of the Seminoles who refused to go into the Creek
country have, without authority or right, settled upon lands secured
to other tribes, and that they have committed numerous and extensive
depredations upon the property of those upon whose lands they have intruded:
Now, therefore, in order to reconcile all difficulties respecting location
and jurisdiction, to settle all disputed questions which have arisen, or may
hereafter arise, in regard to rights of property, and especially to preserve
the peace of the frontier, seriously endangered by the restless and
warlike spirit of the intruding Seminoles, the parties to this treaty have
agreed to the following stipulations:
ARTICLE 1.
The Creeks agree that the Seminoles shall be entitled to settle
in a body or separately, as they please, in any part of the Creek country; that
they shall make their own town regulations, subject, however, to the general
control of the Creek council, in which they shall be represented;
and, in short, that no distinctions shall be made between the two tribes in
any respect, except in the management of their pecuniary affairs, in
which neither shall interfere with the other.
ARTICLE 2.
The Seminoles agree that those of their tribe who have not done so before the
ratification of this treaty, shall, immediately thereafter, remove to
and permanently settle in the Creek country.
ARTICLE 3.
It is mutually agreed by the Creeks and Seminoles, that all contested cases
between the two tribes, concerning the right of property, growing out
of sales or transactions that may have occurred previous to the ratification
of this treaty, shall be subject to the decision of the President of the
United States.
ARTICLE 4.
The Creeks being greatly dissatisfied with the manner in which their boundaries
were adjusted by the treaty of 1833, which they say they did not
understand until after its execution, and it appearing that in
said treaty no addition was made to their country for the use of the Seminoles,
but that, on the contrary, they were deprived, without adequate
compensation, of a considerable extent of valuable territory: And, moreover, the
Seminoles, since the Creeks first agreed to receive them,
having been engaged in a protracted and bloody contest, which has naturally
engendered feelings and habits calculated to make them
troublesome neighbors: The United States in consideration of these circumstances,
agree that an additional annuity of three thousand dollars
for purposes of education shall be allowed for the term of twenty years;
that the annuity of three thousand dollars provided in the treaty of 1832
for like purposes shall be continued until the determination of the additional
annuity above mentioned. It is further agreed that all the education
funds of the Creeks, including the annuities above named, the annual allowance
of one thousand dollars, provided in the treaty of 1833, and
also all balances of appropriations for education annuities that may be due
from the United States, shall be expended under the direction of
President of the United States, for the purpose of education aforesaid.
ARTICLE 5.
The Seminoles having expressed a desire to settle in a body on Little River, some
distance westward of the present residence of the greater
portion of them, it is agreed that rations shall be issued to such as may remove
while on their way to their new homes; and that, after their
emigration is completed, the whole tribe shall be subsisted for six months, due
notice to be given that those who do not come into the Creek
country before the issues commence shall be excluded. And it is distinctly
understood that all those Seminoles who refuse to remove to, and
settle in, the Creek Country, within six months after this treaty is ratified,
shall not participate in any of the benefits it provides: Except those now
in Florida, who shall be allowed twelve months from the date of the ratification
of this treaty for their removal.
ARTICLE 6.
The sum of fifteen thousand four hundred dollars, provided in the second article
of the treaty of Payne's Landing, shall be paid in the manner
therein pointed out, immediately after the emigration of those Seminoles
who may remove to the Creek country is completed: also, as soon after
such emigration as practicable, the annuity of three thousand dollars
for fifteen years, provided in the fourth article of said treaty, and, in
addition thereto, for the same period, two thousand dollars per annum
in goods suited to their wants, to be equally divided among all the
members of the tribe.
ARTICLE 7.
In full Satisfaction and discharge of all claims for property left
or abandoned in Florida at the request of the officers of the United States, under
promise of remuneration, one thousand dollars per annum, in agricultural
implements, shall be furnished the Seminoles for five years.
ARTICLE 8.
To avoid all danger of encroachment, on the part of either Creeks or Seminoles,
upon the territory of other nations, the northern and western
boundary lines of the Creek country shall be plainly and distinctly marked.
In witness whereof, the said Commissioners and the undersigned Chiefs and
Head Men of the Creek and Seminole tribes, have hereunto set
their hands, at the Creek Agency, this fourth day of January, 1845.
Wm. Armstrong,
Acting Superintendent Western Territory.
P. M. Butler,
Cherokee Agent.
James Logan,
Creek Agent.
Thomas L. Judge,
Seminole Sub-Agent.
Creeks:
Roly McIntosh,
To-marth-le Micco,
Eu-faula Harjo,
O-poeth-le Yoholo,
Yargee,
Samuel Miller,
Cot-char Tustunnuggee,
*K. Lewis,
Tuskunar Harjo,
Tinthlanis Harjo,
To-cose Fixico,
*Samuel C. Brown,
Ho-tul-gar Harjo,
Oak-chun Harjo
Art-tis Fixico,
Joseph Carr,
Ar-ar-te Harjo,
Samuel Perryman,
O-switchee Emarthlar,
Talloaf Harjo,
David Barnett,
Jim Boy,
*B. Marshall,
Tinthlanis Harjo,
Co-ah-coo-che Emarthlar,
Thlathlo Harjo,
E-cho Harjo,
Co-ah-thlocco,
Ke-sar-che Harjo,
No cose Harjo,
Yar-dick-ah Harjo,
Yo-ho-lo Chop-ko
Phil Grayson,
Chu-ille,
E-cho Emarthla,
Pol-lot-ke,
Kot-che Harjo,
To-cose Micco,
Henry Marshall,
Matthew Marshall,
Che-was-tiah Fixico,
Tom Carr.
Seminoles:
Miccanope,
Coah-coo-che, or Wild Cat,
Alligator,
Nocose Yoholo,
Halleck Tustunnuggee,
Emah-thloo-chee,
Octi-ar-chee,
Tus-se-kiah,
Pos-cof-far,
E-con-chat-te-micco,
Black Dirt,
Itch-hos-se Yo-ho-lo,
Kap-pe-chum-e-coo-che,
O-tul-ga Harjo,
Yo-ho-lo Harjo,
O-switchee Emarthla,
Kub-bit-che,
An-lo-ne,
Yah-hah Fixico,
Fus-hat-chee, Micco,
O-chee-see Micco,
Tus-tun-nug-goo-chee.
In the presence of--
J. B. Luce, secretary to commissioners.
Samuel C. Brown, U. S. interpreter.
B. Marshall, Creek Nation interpreter.
Abraham, U. S. interpreter for Seminoles.
J.P. Davis, captain U.S. Army.
A. Cady, captain Sixth Infantry
J. B. S. Todd, captain Sixth Infantry
George W. Clarke.
Jno. Dillard.
J. L. Alexander.
J. H. Heard.
(To the names of Indians, except those marked with an asterisk, are subjoined their marks.)
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