Treaty with the Chickasaw, 1834
May 24, 1834. | 7 Stat., 450. | Proclamation, July 1, 1834.
Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. II (Treaties)
Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler
Washington : Government Printing Office, 1904
[Pages 418-423 Treaty]
[Pages 424-425 Supplement]
Margin Notes:
Links to Paragraphs
Peace and friendship.
Indians about to remove are to be protected by United States.
United States to prevent intrusions on their lands.
Under what authority reservations may be sold.
Grants to be in fee; how determined.
Reservations for persons not heads of families.
In case of marriage between a white man and an Indian woman.
Provisions for orphans, etc.
Interfering sectional lines.
Special reservations admitted.
Disposal of the lands after the location of reservations.
Notice of sale to be given.
Provision for their removal.
Certain articles of the treaty of Pontitock to remain in force.
Boundary under treaty of 1818, how considered.
Appropriation made in 1833 to be applied. 1833, chi. 59
Articles Supplementary:
Links to Paragraphs
Provision in favor of Levi Colbert, etc.
Children to be educated in the United States.
A former reservation ceded to United States.
Money stolen from the agent.
An additional clerk to be appointed.
[Treaty]
Articles of convention and agreement proposed by the Commissioners on the part of the United States,
in pursuance of the request made, by the Delegation representing the Chickasaw nation of Indians, and which
have been agreed to.
ART. I. It is agreed that perpetual amity, peace and friendship, shall exist between the United States, and the
Chickasaw nation of Indians.
ART. II. The Chickasaws are about to abandon their homes, which they have long cherished and loved; and
though hitherto unsuccessful, they still hope to find a country, adequate to the wants and support of their people,
somewhere west of the Mississippi and within the territorial limits of the United States; should they do so, the
Government of the United States, hereby consent to protect and defend them against the inroads of any other tribe of
Indians, and from the whites; and agree to keep them without the limits of any State or Territory. The Chickasaws
pledge themselves never to make war upon any Indian people, or upon the whites, unless they are so authorized by
the United States. But if war be made upon them, they will be permitted to defend themselves, until assistance,
be given to them by the United States, as shall be the case.
ART. III. The Chickasaws are not acquainted with the laws of the whites, which are extended over them;- and
the many intruders which break into their country, interrupting their rights and disturbing their repose, leave no
alternative whereby restraint can be afforded, other than an appeal to the military force of the country, which they
are unwilling to ask for, or see resorted to; and therefore they agree to forbear such a request, for prevention of
this great evil, with the understanding, which is admitted, that the agent of the United States, upon the application
of the chiefs of the nation, will resort to every legal civil remedy, (at the expense of the United States,) to prevent
intrusions upon the ceded country; and to restrain and remove trespassers from any selected reservations, upon
application of the owner of the same. And it is also agreed, that the United States, will continue some discreet
person as agent, such as they now have, to whom they can look for redress of wrongs and injuries which may be attempted
against them; and it is consented, that if any of their property, he taken by persons of the United States, covertly or
forcibly, the agent on satisfactory and just complaint being made, shall pursue all lawful civil means, which the laws
of the State permit, in which the wrong is done, to regain the same, or to obtain a just remuneration; and on failure
or inability to procure redress, for the offended, against the offending party; payment for the loss sustained, on
production of the record, and certificate of the facts, by the agent, shall be made by the United States; but in all
such cases, satisfactory proof, for the establishing of the claim, shall be offered.
ART. IV. The Chickasaws desire to have within their own direction and control, the means of taking care of
themselves. Many of their people are quite competent to manage their affairs, though some are not capable, and might
be imposed upon by designing persons; it is therefore agreed that the reservations hereinafter admitted, shall not be
permitted to be sold, leased, or disposed of unless it appear by the
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certificate of at least two of the following persons, to wit: Ish-ta-ho-ta-pa the King, Levi Colbert, George Colbert,
Martin Colbert, Isaac Alberson, Henry Love, and Benj. Love, of which five have affixed their names to this treaty, that
the party owning or claiming the same, is capable to manage, and to take care of his or her affairs; which fact, to
the best of his knowledge and information, shall be certified by the agent; and furthermore that a fair consideration
has been paid; and thereupon, the deed of conveyance shall be valid provided the President of the United States, or
such other person as he may designate shall approve of the same, and endorse it on the deed; which said deed and
approval, shall be registered, at the place, and within the time, required by the laws of the State, in which the land
may be situated; otherwise to be void. And where such certificate is not obtained; upon the recommendation of a
majority of the Delegation, and the approval of the agent, at the discretion of the President of the United States,
the same may be sold; but the consideration thereof, shall remain as part of the general Chickasaw fund in the hands
of the Government, until such time as the chiefs in council shall think it advisable to pay it to the claimant or to
those, who may rightfully claim under said claimant, and shall so recommend it. And as the King, Levi Colbert, and the
Delegation, who have signed this agreement, and to whom certain important and interesting duties purtaining to the
nation, are assigned, may die, resign, or remove, so that their people may be without the benefit of their services,
it is stipulated, that as often as any vacancy happens, by death, resignation, or otherwise, the chiefs shall select
some discrete person of their nation to till the occurring vacancy, who, upon a certificate of qualification,
discretion and capability, by the agent, shall be appointed by the Secretary of War; whereupon, he shall possess all
the authority granted to those who are here named. and the nation will make to the person so appointed, such
reasonable compensation, as they with the assent of the agent and the Secretary of War, may think right, proper and
reasonable to be allowed.
ART. V. It is agreed that the fourth article of the Treaty of Pontitock, be so changed, that the
following reservations be granted in fee:-To heads of families, being Indians, or having Indian families, consisting
of ten persons, and upwards, four sections of land are reserved. To those who have five and less than ten persons,
three sections. Those who have less than five, two sections. Also those who own more than ten slaves, shall be entitled
to one additional section; and those owning ten and less than ten to half a section. These reservations shall be confined,
to the sections or fractional sections on which the party claiming lives, or to such as are contiguous or adjoining
to the sections resided upon, subject to the following restrictions and conditions:-
Firstly. In cases where there are interferences arising, the oldest occupant or settler, shall have the
preference, or,
Secondly. Where the land is adjudged unfit for cultivation, by the Agent, and three of the seven persons,
named in the fourth article above the party entitled, shall be, and is, hereby authorized, to locate his claim upon
other lands, which may be unappropriated, and not subject to any other claim; and where two or more persons, insist
upon the entry of the same unappropriated section or fractional section, the priority of right shall be determined by
lot; and where a fractional section is taken leaving a balance greater or less than the surveyed subdivision of
a section, then the deficiency shall be made up, by connecting all the deficiencies so arising: and the Register and
Receiver thereupon, shall locate full or fractional sections, fit for cultivation, in the names respectively of the
different persons claiming which shall be held by them as tenants in common, according to the respective inter-
[Page 420]
ests of those who are concerned; and the proceeds when sold by the parties claiming, shall be divided according to
the interests, which each may have in said section or fractional section, so located, or the same may be divided
agreeably to quality or quantity.
ART. VI. Also reservations of a section to each, shall be granted to persons male and female, not being heads
of families, who are of the age of twenty-one years, and upwards, a list of whom, within a reasonable time shall be
made out by the seven persons herein before mentioned, and filed with the Agent, upon whose certificate of its believed
accuracy, the Register and Receiver, shall cause said reservations to be located upon lands fit for cultivation, but
not to interfere with the settlement rights of others. The persons thus entitled, are to be excluded from the estimated
numbers contained in any family enumeration, as is provided for in the fifth article preceding: and as to the sale,
lease, or disposition of their reserves, they are to be subject to the conditions and restrictions, set forth in the
fourth article. In these and in all other reserves where the party owning or entitled, shall die, the interest in the
same shall belong to his wife, or the wife and children, or to the husband, or to the husband and children, if there
be any; and in cases of death, where there is neither husband wife, nor children left, the same shall be disposed of
for the general benefit; and the proceeds go into the general Chickasaw fund. But where the estate as is prescribed
in this article, comes to the children, and having so come, either of them die, the survivor or survivors of them,
shall be entitled to the same. But this rule shall not endure longer than for five years, nor beyond the period when
the Chickasaws may leave their present for a new home.
ART. VII. Where any white man, before the date hereof has married an Indian woman, the reservation he may be
entitled to under this treaty, she being alive, shall be in her name, and no right of alienation of the same shall
purtain to the husband unless he divest her of the title, after the mode and manner that feme coverts, usually divest
them selves of title to real estate, that is, by the acknowledgment of the wife which may be taken before the Agent,
and certified by him, that she consents to the sale freely, and without compulsion from her husband, who shall at the
same time certify that the head of such family is prudent, and competent to care of and manage his affairs; otherwise
the proceeds of said sale shall be subject to the provisions and restrictions contained in the fourth article of this
agreement. Rights to reservations as are herein, and in other articles of this agreement secured, will purtain to
those who have heretofore intermarried with the Chickasaws and are residents of the nation.
ART. VIII. Males and females below the age of twenty-one years, whose father being dead, the mother again has
married, or who have neither father nor mother, shall each be entitled to half a section of land, but shall not be
computed as parts of families under the fifth article, the same to be located under the direction of the Agent,
and under the supervision of the Secretary of War, so as not to interfere with any settlement right. These lands may be
sold upon a recommendation of a majority of the seven persons, heretofore named in this
agreement, setting forth that it will prove advantageous to the parties interested; subject however, to the approval
of the President, or such other person as he shall designate. If sold, the funds arising shall be retained, in the
possession of the Government, or if the President deem it advisable they shall be invested in stocks for the benefit
of the parties interested, if there be a sufficient sum to be invested, (and it can be invested,) until said persons
marry or come of age, when the amount shall be paid over to those who are entitled to receive it. provided a majority
of the seven persons, with the Agent, shall certify, that in their opinion, it will be to their interest and
advantage,
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then, and in that case, the proceeds shall be paid over to the party or parties entitled to receive them.
ART. IX. But, in running the sectional lines, in some cases it will happen, that the spring and the dwelling house,
or the spring and the cleared land or the cleared land and the dwelling house of settlers, may be separated by
sectional lines, whereby manifest inconvenience and injury will be occasioned; it is agreed, that when any of these
occurrences arise, the party shall be entitled as parts and portions of his reservations, to the adjoining section or
fraction, as the case may be, unless there be some older occupant, claiming a preference; and in that event,
the right of the party shall extend no farther than to give to the person, thus affected and injured, so much of his
separated property, as will secure the spring; also, where a sectional line shall separate any improvement,
dwelling house, kitchen or stable, so much of the section, which contains them, shall be added into the occupied
section, as will secure them to their original owner; and then and in that case, the older occupant being
deprived of preference, shall have his deficiency thus occasioned, made up to him by some fractional section, or
after the mode pointed out in the latter part of the fifth article of this treaty.
ART. X. Reservations are admitted to the following persons, in addition to those which may be claimed under the
fifth article of this Treaty to wit:-Four sections to their beloved and faithful old Chief Levi Colbert; To George
Colbert, Martin Colbert, Isaac Alberson, Henry Love and Benj. Love, in consideration of the trouble they have had
in coming to Washington, and of the farther trouble hereafter to be encountered in taking care of the interests of
their people, under the provisions of this treaty, one section of land to each. Also there is a fractional section,
between the residence of George Colbert, and the Tennessee river, upon which he has a ferry, it is therefore consented,
that said George Colbert, shall own and have so much of said fraction, as may be contained in the following lines, to
wit.- begining near Smiths ferry at the point where the base meridian line and the Tennessee river come in
contact,--thence south so far as to pass the dwelling-house, (and sixty yards beyond it,) within which is interred
the body of his wife,-thence east of the river and down the same to the point of begining. Also there shall be
reserved to him an island, in said river, nearly opposite to this fraction, commonly called Colberts Island. A
reservation also of two sections is admitted to Ish-ta-ho-ta-pa the King of the Chickasaw nation. And to Min-ta-ho-yea
the mother of Charles Colbert one section of land. Also one section, each, to the following persons: --Im-mub-bee,
Ish-tim-o-lut-ka, Ah-to-ho-woh, Pis-tah-lah-tubbe, Capt. Samuel Seley and William McGilvery. To Col. Benj. Reynolds
their long tried and faithful Agent, who has guarded their interests and twice travelled with their people far west,
beyond the Mississippi, to aid them in seeking and finding a home, there is granted two sections of land. Jointly to
William Cooper and John Davis, lawyers of Mississippi who have been faithful to the Indians, in giving them
professional advice, and legal assistance, and who are to continue to do so, within the States of Tennessee,
Alabama and Mississippi, while the Chickasaw people remain in said States, one section is granted. To Mrs.Margt. Allen
wife of the subagent in her own right, half a section. These reservations to Benj. Reynolds, William Cooper, James Davis
and Margt. Allen, are to be located so as not to interfere with the Indian reservations.
ART. XI. After the reservations are taken and located, which shall be the case as speedily as may be after the
surveys are completed, of l which the Register and Receiver shall give notice, the residue of the Chickasaw country
shall be sold, as public lands of the United States are sold, with this difference; The lands as surveyed shall be
offered at
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public sale at a price not less than one dollar and a quarter per acre; and thereafter for one year those which are
unsold, and which shall have been previously offered at public sale shall be liable to private entry and sale at that
price; Thereafter, and for one year longer they shall be subject to entry and private sale, at one dollar per acre;
Thereafter and during the third year, they shall be subject to sale and entry, at fifty cents per acre; Thereafter,
and during the fourth year, at twenty-five cents per acre; and afterwards at twelve and a half cents per acre. But as
it may happen, in the fourth and after years, that the expenses may prove greater than the receipts, it is agreed, that
at any time after the third year, the Chickasaws may declare the residue of their lands abandoned to the United States,
and if so, they shall be thenceforth acquitted of all and every expense on account of the sale of the same.
And that they may be advised of these matters it is stipulated, that the Government of the United States, within
six months after any public sale takes place, shall advise them of the receipts and expenditures, and of balances
in their favor; and also at regular intervals of six months, after the first report is made, will afford them
information of the proceeds of all entries and sales. The funds thence resulting, after the necessary
expenses of surveying and selling, and other advances which may be made, are repaid to the United States, shall
from time to time be invested in some secure stocks, redeemable within a period of not more than twenty years; and
the United States will cause the interest arising therefrom, annually to be paid to the Chickasaws.
ART. XII. When any portion of the country is fully surveyed, the President may order the same to be sold, but will
allow six months, from the date of the first notice to the first sale; and three months notice of any subsequent
intended public sale, within which periods of time, those who can claim reservations, in the offered ranges of country,
shall file their applications and entries with the Register and Receiver; that the name of the owner or claimant of
the same, may be entered and marked on the general plat, at the office, whereby mistakes in the sales may be avoided,
and injuries be prevented.
ART. XIII. If the Chickasaws shall be so fortunate as to procure a home, within the limits of the United States, it
is agreed, that with the consent of the President-and Senate so much: of their invested stocks, as may be necessary to
the purchase of a country for them to settle in, shall be permitted to them to be sold, or the United States will
advance the necessary amount, upon a guarantee and pledge of an equal amount of their stocks; also, as much of them may
be sold, with the consent of the President and Senate, as shall- be adjudged necessary for establishing schools, mills,
blacksmiths shops; and for the education of their children; and for any other needful purpose, which- their situation
and condition, may make, and by the President and Senate be considered, necessary; and on the happening of such a
contingency and information thereof being given of an intention of the whole of any portion of the nation to remove;
the United States will furnish competent persons, safely to conduct them to their future destination, and also supplies
necessary to the same, and for one year after their arrival at the west, provided the Indians shall desire supplies,
to be furnished for so long a period; the supplies so afforded, to be chargeable to the general Chickasaw account,
provided the funds of said nation shall be found adequate to the expenses which under this and other articles of
this agreement may be required.
ART. XIV. It is understood and agreed, that articles twelve and thirteen of the Treaty of Pontitock, of
the twentieth day of October one thousand, eight hundred and thirty-two and which was concluded with Genl.
John Coffee shall be retained; all the other articles of said
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treaty, inconsistent in any respect with the provisions of this, are declared to be revoked. Also so much of the
supplemental treaty as relates to Colbert Moore; to the bond of James Colbert transferred to Robert Gordon; to the
central position of the Land Office; to the establishment of mail routes through the Chickasaw country; and as it
respects the privilege given to John Donely; be, and the same are declared to be in full force.
ART. XV. By the sixth article of a treaty made with the Chickasaw nation, by Andrew Jackson and Isaac Shelby,
on the nineteenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, it was provided that a Commissioner should
be appointed, to mark the southern boundary of said cession; now it is agreed that the line which was run and marked
by the Commissioner on the part of the United States, in pursuance of said treaty, shall be considered the true
line to the extent that the rights and interests of the Chickasaws are concerned, and no farther.
ART. XVI. The United States agree that the appropriation made by Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred
and thirty-three, for carrying into effect the treaty with the Chickasaws, shall be applicable to this;
to be reimbursed by them: and their agent may receive and be charged with the same, from time to time, as in the
opinion of the Secretary of War, any portion may be wanted for national purposes, by the Chickasaws; of which nature
and character, shall be considered their present visit to Washington City.
Done at the city of Washington, on the 24th day of May, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
Jn. H. Eaton,
commissioner on the part of the United States.
George Colbert, his x mark,
Isaac Albertson, his x mark,
Martin Colbert, [L. S.]
Henry Love, [L. S.]
Benjamin Love, [L. S.]
Witnesses--
Charles F. Little, secretary to commissioner,
Ben. Reynolds, Indian agent,
G. W. Long,
James Standefer,
Thomas S. Smith,
Saml. Swartwout,
Wm. Gordon,
F. W. Armstrong, c. agent,
John M. Millard.
The undersigned, appointed by the Chickasaw nation of Indians in the two-fold capacity of a delegate and interpreter,
hereby declares that in all that is set forth in the above articles of convention and agreement, have been by him fully
and accurately interpreted and explained, and that the same has been approved by the entire delegation.
May 24, 1834.
Benjamin Love, delegate and interpreter.
Charles F. Little, secretary to commissioner.
Ben. Reynolds, Indian agent.
[Page 424]
[Articles Supplementary]
May 24, 1834. | 7 Stat., 456.
Articles supplementary to those concluded and signed, by the United States Commissioner, and the Chickasaw
delegation on the 24th day of May, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four which being agreed to by the President
and, Senate of the United States, are to stand as part of said treaty.
ART. I. It is represented that the old chiefs Levi Colbert and Isaac Alberson, who have rendered many and valuable
services to their nation, desire on account of their health, to visit some watering mace during the present year,
for recovery and restoration; it is agreed that there be paid to the agent for these purposes and to discharge
some debts which are due and owing from the nation, the sum of three thousand dollars, out of the appropriation of one
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, for carrying into effect the treaty of Pontitock, which said
sum so far as used is to be hereafter reimbursed to the nation, by said Levi Colbert and Isaac Alberson, and by the
nation to the United States, as other advances are to be reimbursed, from the sale of their lands.
ART. II. The Chickasaw people express a desire that the Government shall at the expense of the United States, educate
some of their children, and they urge the justice of their application, on the ground, that they have ever been faithful
and friendly to the people of this country,--that they have never raised the tomahawk, to shed the blood of an American,
and have given up heretofore to their white brothers, extensive and valuable portions of their country, at a price
wholly inconsiderable and inadequate; and from which the United States have derived great wealth and important advantages;
therefore, with the advice and consent of the President and Senate of the United States, it is consented, that three
thousand dollars for fifteen years, be appropriated and applied under the direction of the Secretary of War, for the
education and instruction within the United States, of such children male and female or either, as the seven persons
named in the treaty to which this is a supplement, and their successors, with the approval of the agent, from time to
time may select and recommend.
ART. III. The Chickasaw nation desire to close finally, all the business they have on the east side of the Mississippi,
that their Great Father, may be no more troubled with their complaints. and to this end, they ask the Government to
receive from them a tract of land, of four miles square, heretofore reserved under the 4th article of their Treaty
of 1818, and to pay them within three months, from the date of this arrangement, the Government price of one dollar
and a quarter per acre, for said reserve; and accordingly the same is agreed to, provided a satisfactory relinquishment
of title from the parties interested, be filed with the Secretary of War, previous to said payment being made.
ART. IV. Benj. Reynolds, agent at the time of paying their last annuity, had stolen from him by a negro slave of the
Chickasaws, a box containing one thousand dollars; the chiefs of the Chickasaw people satisfied of the fact, and hence
unwilling to receive the lost amount from their agent, ask, and it is agreed, that the sum so stolen and lost shall be
passed to the credit of their nation by the United States, to be drawn on hereafter for their national purposes.
ART. V. The Chickasaw people are aware that one clerk is insufficient to the bringing of their lands early into
market; and rather than encounter the delay which must ensue, they prefer the increased expense of an additional one.
It is therefore stipulated that the President shall appoint another clerk, at the same annual compensation, agreed
upon by the "Treaty of Pontitock;" who shall be paid after the manner prescribed therein. But whenever the President
shall
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be of opinion that the services of any officer employed under this treaty, for the sale of lands can be dispensed
with; he will in justice to the Chickasaws, and to save them from unnecessary expenses, discontinue the whole, or such as
can be dispensed with.
Signed the 24th of May, 1834.
Jn. H. Eaton, commissioner on the part of the United States.
George Colbert, his x mark,
Isaac Albertson, his x mark,
Martin Colbert, [L. S.]
Henry Love, [L. S.]
Benjamin Love, [L. S.]
Witnesses:
Charles F. Little, secretary to commissioner,
Ben. Reynolds, Indian agent,
G. W. Long,
James Standefer,
Thomas S. Smith,
Saml. Swartwout,
Wm. Gordon,
F. W. Armstrong, C. agent,
John M. Millard.
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